pushcart war essays

cart war articles Harry S. Truman was sworn into office on April 12, 1945 as the thirty-third President of the United States of America. He didn't win a political decision, however he was the Vice President under President Franklin Roosevelt who had kicked the bucket so Harry Truman became President. On August 6, 1945 President Truman declared the dropping of the A-bomb known as the Atomic Bomb. Truman, on August 9, 1945, reported he dropped a second nuclear bomb on Japan that World War II. In June 1945, Harry S. Truman saw the marking of the development of the United Nations, to ideally save harmony. President Truman introduced to Congress a 21-point program, proposing the extension of government managed savings, a full business program, and different things. The program became know as the Four Deal. In 1947, the Soviet Union attempted to takeover Turkey and Greece. Truman requested that Congress help those nations. This guide is known as the Truman Doctrine. In 1950, when the Communist legislature of North Korea attacked South Korea, Truman met expeditiously with his military counselors. A long, disheartening battle occurred as U.N. powers held a line over the old limit of South Korea. Truman kept the war a restricted one, instead of hazard a significant clash with China and Russia. His term as President finished in 1953 when he chose not to run for another term. ... <!

INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW Assignment Essay

Worldwide INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW Assignment - Essay Example While then again, the possibility of human rights has risen up out of the requirement for all inclusive regard of individuals opportunity, pride and correspondence. It has advanced over the period to help for individual from mistreatment and give an equivalent opportunity to build up their capability to make the most of various chances (Donnelly, 1989). Human Rights and Intellectual Property rights (IPR) have increased far reaching conversation during the most recent two decades. Different partners who have personal stakes have irately contended for their privileges. The objectives of the advocates of both the gatherings are by one way or another contrarily related. Cliché sees have been framed both about human and licensed innovation rights. The backers of human rights state that the best way to accomplish the objectives of access to food, wellbeing and instruction is through wiping out the greater part of the protected innovation rights (Lutheran World Federation, 2000). While the n again, an outlook has been built up that advances that by just growing the protected innovation rights, we can give motivating forces to development which will address the worries of essential human rights (Weissbrodt and Schoff, 2008). The connection between human rights and licensed innovation rights can be dissected from two viewpoints. ... Along these lines, this relationship must be broke down on the off chance that we have an exhaustive comprehension of the extent of both the rights. The current human rights don't completely allude to the protected innovation rights; be that as it may, there are sure arrangements inside the human right bargains which can be viewed as applicable to licensed innovation rights. All inclusive Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) which was embraced in 1948 has certain arrangements which are significant focuses to be thought of. The Article 27.2 states that â€Å"Everyone has the privilege to the insurance of the good and material interests coming about because of any logical, abstract or masterful creation of which he is the author† (United Nations, 2007). Additionally, the privilege to property is likewise worried in the Article 17 of UDHR which expresses that everybody has the option to claim property and nobody will be denied of his property. Notwithstanding that, the Internationa l Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights (ICSECR) built up in 1966 is likewise one of the indispensable apparatus through which we can evaluate the connection between Intellectual Property and Economic Rights. Universal rights despite the fact that expansion the extent of connection between these two rights yet there are some provincial human rights which contains statements relating to property rights. The Article 21.1 of American Convention on Human Rights of 1969 states that everybody is qualified for the option to utilize and pleasure in his property yet it further implements that â€Å"The law may subordinate such utilize and satisfaction to the enthusiasm of society† (Sinjela, 2007). Additionally, the African Charter on Human Rights which was embraced in 1981 likewise upholds that â€Å"The right to the property will be

The Role Genetics Play in Alcoholism

The Role Genetics Play in Alcoholism Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Role of Genetics in Alcoholism By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on September 27, 2019 Dylan M Howell Photography / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Alcoholism seems to run in some families. Is there any scientific evidence that your genes may predispose you to become an alcoholic if your parents or grandparents are? While many studies have been done and experts agree that there is a hereditary connection, genetics is not the only factor and we dont quite know the full impact it has on alcoholism. Is Alcoholism Hereditary? There is a growing body of scientific evidence that alcoholism has a genetic component.?? The actual gene that may cause it has yet to be identified. Likewise, studies of laboratory animals as well as human test subjects indicate that genetic factors play a major role in the development of alcoholism. Just how big of a factor that is, remains undetermined as well. According to the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, children of alcoholics are four times more likely than other children to become alcoholics.?? Yet, environmental factors could be a factor in many of those cases as well. Alcoholisms Genetic Component Family, twin, and adoption studies have shown that alcoholism definitely has a genetic component. In 1990, Blum et al. proposed an association between the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene and alcoholism. The DRD2 gene was the first candidate gene that showed promise of an association with alcoholism.?? A study in Sweden followed alcohol use in twins who were adopted as children and reared apart. The incidence of alcoholism was slightly higher among people who were exposed to alcoholism only through their adoptive families. However, it was dramatically higher among the twins whose biological fathers were alcoholics, regardless of the presence of alcoholism in their adoptive families.?? Subsequent genetic studies have attempted to pinpoint the exact genes associated with alcoholism, but none have produced conclusive results.    A number of genes have been identified that play a factor in the risky behaviors associated with alcohol abuse or dependence as well.?? Some are directly related and others have only an indirect influence. Fruit Fly Similarities Researchers at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) are using fruit flies to find the genetic causes of alcoholism. According to scientists, drunken drosophila fruit flies behave the same way humans do when they are drunk. In addition, a fruit flys resistance to alcohol appears to be controlled by the same molecular mechanism as humans.?? Hugo Bellen, a geneticist at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, said the study lays the foundation for a genetic approach to dissecting the acute, and possibly the chronic, effects of alcohol in people. Genetically Sensitivities to Alcohol In another study, scientists selectively bred two strains of mice: those that are not genetically sensitive to alcohol, and those that are acutely genetically sensitive to it. The two strains show markedly different behavior when exposed to identical amounts of alcohol. The sensitive mice tend to lose their inhibitions and pass out rather quickly, earning them the nickname long sleepers. Short sleepers are mice that are genetically less sensitive to alcohol. They seem to lose fewer inhibitions and tolerate the alcohol for longer before they pass out.?? Alcohol Abuse Is Influenced by Environmental and Genetic Factors Alcohol consumption is influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors, said Gene Erwin, Ph.D., professor of pharmaceutic sciences at the CU School of Pharmacy, This study indicated that genetic factors play more of a role, and were trying to understand the power of those genetic factors. If alcoholism can be traced to a particular gene or combination of genes, how can the information be used? These genes are for risk, not for destiny, stressed Dr. Enoch Gordis, director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. He added that the research could help in identifying youngsters at risk of becoming alcoholics and could lead to early prevention efforts. What this means for family members of alcoholics is that you are not necessarily going to abuse alcohol yourself. However, your odds of developing a dependency are higher than others.  ?? Genes only make up about half your risk for alcoholism. Factors like your environment and your ability to handle situations that may trigger dependency are just as important.?? These are things that we can remain mindful of as we continue to develop an understanding of alcoholism on a personal basis.

Meaning And Foundation Of Knowledge - 2515 Words

Carijo Taro Philosophy 110 Final Paper December 10, 2014 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analysis the meaning and foundation of knowledge according to the philosopher Plato. A dialectic approach was taken which is simply a question and answer technique used to gain knowledge from philosophical reasoning. Plato and I go back and forth on the meaning and foundation of knowledge along with expressing our opinions on the subject. Plato believes knowledge is a question of the inherent qualities of one’s state of mind along with the idea that the concept of knowledge is unchanging and eternal. However I disagreed with this concept of knowledge, feeling that knowledge is pertained through one’s experiences in life and that†¦show more content†¦Plato continued to state that the states of the mind differ in that knowledge is infallible, whereas opinion may be true or false (Cornford, 1957). I however disagreed with this concept of knowledge; I spoke up and said that I believe that knowledge is gained through oneâ₠¬â„¢s experiences that people learn new concepts and ideas every day. Also, knowledge is an understanding and thought process; people sometimes learn from their mistakes through different experiences and some even gain wisdom through their knowledge. Plato of course chimed in saying; I wish gaining true knowledge was really that simple, but the foundation of knowledge is more complex. For instance knowledge does not arise from sensory experience rather that knowledge is pertained through philosophical reasoning (Copleston, 1946). The idea that knowledge comes from the external world through the senses is wrong that knowledge gained through the senses is actually the lowest type of cognition (Cornford, 1957). The Allegory of the Cave illustrates the progress of the mind from the lowest state of unenlightenment to knowledge of the good. In the cave prisoners are chained so they were unable to move or see anything behind them. This led the prisoners to misperceive images on the cave wa lls for real objects, but in reality they are shadows casted off by a fire in the cave. The prisoners heard voices which they presumed to be the imagesShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Pragmatism And Rationalism1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic I choose to compare and contrast is what pragmatism and Rationalism. I am going to do this by looking into what their beliefs. Pragmatist believe that an idea or proposition is true if it works satisfactorily and that a meaning of a proposition is to be found in practical consequences of accepting it and that unpractical ideas are to be rejected. Rationalism is defined as the theory in which the criterion for truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive. As I go through comparingRead MoreThe Importance Of Literacy As An Essential Life Skill881 Words   |  4 Pagesas Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky discussed how children construct their knowledge using their social and cultural factors (Flint, Kitson, Lowe Shaw, 2014). They also e mphasized the importance of the children’s active participation in various learning areas as they display their cultural diversities and develop their social skills. The chosen children’s literature is â€Å"The grouchy ladybug† by Eric Carle (1977) for the foundation level. It is a delightful and engaging book. The nominated text providesRead MoreThe Foundation of Understanding Human Anatomy During Renaissance Period990 Words   |  4 PagesOur understanding in anatomy and physiology today will be deadened without the knowledge from the Renaissance period. Let take a short step to look at what is Renaissance? Based historian, Renaissance means rebirth because â€Å"it [is] believed that the human spirit [has] to be reawakened as it [is] in the classical (Greco-Roman) times† (). During this time, the new conception of human emerges as individualism which means a man can create his own destiny, and humanism in which â€Å"humans are the centerRead MorePhilosophy of Science in Social Research1455 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships. Philosophy of social science deals with the generalized meaning of the thing amp; centered on the sharing of experience about the social world in which people’s perspective differs from one another. The various approaches analyze the social research on the basis of three grounds: Thematic analysis, meta-narratives and mini-narratives and lastly, cause-effect analysis. The changing pattern of the philosophical foundations continuously enriches itself with new dimensions and views about socialRead MoreSymbolism Of Tattoos1028 Words   |  5 PagesTattoos are like symbols, it has different meanings and people can interpret it differently. Tattoos could be interpreted as good, bad, evil, cute, past, present, future, personality, memories, events or about something dear in their life. My tattoo has several symbols that have different meanings to me. It is about my past, present, future, personality, and important people in my life. The tattoo that I would be getting has a rose as a stem, dirt for the foundation, sunflower as the flower, inside theRead MoreThe Myth Of Sis yphus By Albert Camus1281 Words   |  6 Pagesessay authored by Albert Camus. Originally published in French in 1942 as Le Mythe de Sisyphe, It was translated into English by Justin O’Brien in 1955. Camus in this essay introduces his concept of the â€Å"absurd†. He talks of man s futile search for meaning, unity, and clarity. He states that for man the world becomes an unintelligible space which is devoid of God, moral ethics and eternal truths. In such a situation one is forced to contemplate ‘Is suicide the only way out hence?’ Camus is of the opinionRead MoreThe Barriers Between Cultures, Patterns, And The Differences Amongst Society1647 Words   |  7 PagesStruggling to choose between the two, she ultimately decides to abandon all she has ever known and convert. Facing immense conflict in reinventing her spiritual life, Winner sees the opportunity this conversion bestows and uses it to further her knowledge. Despite the rationale of her decision, she begins to realize that she will never fully be able to abandon her past Jewish experiences, instead they still shape her persona and the decisions she makes. Nonetheless, Winner continues to embrace herRead MoreThe Rabbits1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rabbits Essay Images are a universal language that appeals to a wider audience through techniques that give the pictures meaning. Consequently, an individual is able to perceive the image in their own way depending on their level of knowledge. As a result, the audience is able to interpret both simple and complex ideas within the pictures according to their own understanding. John Marsden and Shaun Tan’s picture book The Rabbits demonstrates the different ways an individual may interpret narrativesRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Islam Essay1484 Words   |  6 Pagessystems. It is confirmed that critical components of religion such as prayer, scripture reading, connection to spirituality and meditation can be used as religious coping to find meaning in illness, comfort in faith and a stronger relationship with God. The importance of the health care provider demonstrating knowledge and acceptance ofacceptance of diverse religions is acknowledged. A Comparative Analysis of Christianity Religious expression often constitutes a significant part of an individual’sRead MoreLanguage Acquisition : What Is Encompassed By The Phrase Meaning Making Within Early Childhood? Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: What is encompassed by the phrase ‘Meaning Making’ within early childhood? Young Children and Meaning Makers Module Code: TE0673 Student Code: w14007309 Word Count: 1,394 â€Æ' This assignment seeks to explore and discuss the phrase ‘meaning making’ within early childhood using contemporary and historical sources. The focus of this essay will be the theme, language acquisition, because this is one aspect of how children make meaning of their world. However, there are other factors that need

Discursive Essay on Abortion - 551 Words

Discursive Essay on Abortion Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy. If a woman falls pregnant and she does not wish to go through with the pregnancy then she may choose to have an abortion. Abortion is a controversial issue, some people say it is ok to abort a baby but others are strongly against it. Sometimes people are against it because they believe it is wrong but some are against it because of their religion, their background and their up-bringing. People who are for abortion may have had one and therefore think it is ok or they may know someone who has had one. In this essay I will discuss the arguments for and the arguments against abortion. An argument in favour of abortion†¦show more content†¦The girl also may have to leave school for a little while to take care of the baby which would make her fall behind on a lot of school work. She may have the pregnancy terminated because she may have wanted to go to college or university to study further. I feel that she should have the chance to live her life and be free without having any major responsibilities, like having to look after a baby. However, even though a woman may have a perfectly good reason to have an abortion she would still be killing a human life. Some women think they are doing the right thing at the time but when it comes to a later stage in life, many of them can regret their decisions. It would probably be at the back of their mind- they would think about it when they got the chance to. They would probably think how their lives would be different if they had had the baby. Furthermore, there are many people in the world that cannot conceive for many different reasons and would do anything for a child, therefore they would adopt. Instead of a woman having a termination because she think she is unable to cope then she could have the baby and then put it up for adoption. Sometimes in these situations women have the baby and they often change their mind about having the baby put up forShow MoreRelatedDiscursive Essay- Abortion639 Words   |  3 PagesAbortion Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy. If a woman falls pregnant and does not wish to go through with the pregnancy then she might choose to have an abortion. Abortion is a moral issue which people have many different feelings towards. Some people say it is okay to abort a baby but other individuals are strongly against it and consider abortions as murder. Sometimes people are against it because they believe it is wrong but some are against it because of their religion, their backgroundRead MoreParents Responsibility1022 Words   |  5 PagesThis WebQuest is a follow-up lesson to consolidate what you have learnt about writing an argumentative essay. There are 2 components to this assignment: the Essay component and the Reflection component. Essay Component First, you are to research online on what an argumentative essay is all about, the grammatical features of an argumentative essay and how you should structure your argumentative essays. Secondly, you are to read the articles provided in this WebQuest and you are to figure out howRead MoreMetamorphoses Within Frankenstein14861 Words   |  60 Pagesphilosophy of science, however — on th e conviction th at ( to quote Mar ilyn Butler) ‘the academic reading-list needs qualify ing or replacing with a form of newspaper and jour nal-talk wh ich 15 could be thought of as current language’ — many recent essays hav e focussed more in tensively on Mary Shelley’s and the novel’s relation to the immed iate d iscover ies and controversies of the contemporary scientific world: The fluid boundary between death and life — a dominan t theme in th e bio-medicalRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7Read MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 Pagesare any statements that are made concerning a particular discourse strand.[10] The selection of discourse fragments we use in our communication practices forms our individual perception of the truth concerning a specific discourse strand, i.e. our discursive position.[11] Figure 1 – The Dissection of Discourse Michel Foucault has done years of research on how ‘truths’ have come into being and on what role social practices and relationships play in this process.[12] Foucault argues that social practicesRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesconstitute Chapter 5 was first read, and the Festival of the New Cinema (Pesaro, Italy), which organized the round-table discussion during which the last chapter in this volume was originally presented. The idea of bringing together a number of my essays in a single volume, thus making them more easily available, originated with Mikel Dufrenne, Professor at the University of Paris-Nanterre and editor of the series in which this work was published in French. He has my very warm gratitude. C . M. Cannes

The Twilight Saga 4 Breaking Dawn 20. New Free Essays

Everything was so clear. Sharp. Defined. We will write a custom essay sample on The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 20. New or any similar topic only for you Order Now The brilliant light overhead was still blinding-bright, and yet I could plainly see the glowing strands of the filaments inside the bulb. I could see each color of the rainbow in the white light, and, at the very edge of the spectrum, an eighth color I had no name for. Behind the light, I could distinguish the individual grains in the dark wood ceiling above. In front of it, I could see the dust motes in the air, the sides the light touched, and the dark sides, distinct and separate. They spun like little planets, moving around each other in a celestial dance. The dust was so beautiful that I inhaled in shock; the air whistled down my throat, swirling the motes into a vortex. The action felt wrong. I considered, and realized the problem was that there was no relief tied to the action. I didn’t need the air. My lungs weren’t waiting for it. They reacted indifferently to the influx. I did not need the air, but I liked it. In it, I could taste the room around me – taste the lovely dust motes, the mix of the stagnant air mingling with the flow of slightly cooler air from the open door. Taste a lush whiff of silk. Taste a faint hint of something warm and desirable, something that should be moist, but wasn’t†¦ That smell made my throat burn dryly, a faint echo of the venom burn, though the scent was tainted by the bite of chlorine and ammonia. And most of all, I could taste an almost-honey-lilac-and-sun-flavored scent that was the strongest thing, the closest thing to me. I heard the sound of the others, breathing again now that I did. Their breath mixed with the scent that was something just off honey and lilac and sunshine, bringing new flavors. Cinnamon, hyacinth, pear, seawater, rising bread, pine, vanilla, leather, apple, moss, lavender, chocolate†¦. I traded a dozen different comparisons in my mind, but none of them fit exactly. So sweet and pleasant. The TV downstairs had been muted, and I heard someone – Rosalie? – shift her weight on the first floor. I also heard a faint, thudding rhythm, with a voice shouting angrily to the beat. Rap music? I was mystified for a moment, and then the sound faded away like a car passing by with the windows rolled down. With a start, I realized that this could be exactly right. Could I hear all the way to the freeway? I didn’t realize someone was holding my hand until whoever it was squeezed it lightly. Like it had before to hide the pain, my body locked down again in surprise. This was not a touch I expected. The skin was perfectly smooth, but it was the wrong temperature. Not cold. After that first frozen second of shock, my body responded to the unfamiliar touch in a way that shocked me even more. Air hissed up my throat, spitting through my clenched teeth with a low, menacing sound like a swarm of bees. Before the sound was out, my muscles bunched and arched, twisting away from the unknown. I flipped off my back in a spin so fast it should have turned the room into an incomprehensible blur – but it did not. I saw every dust mote, every splinter in the wood-paneled walls, every loose thread in microscopic detail as my eyes whirled past them. So by the time I found myself crouched against the wall defensively – about a sixteenth of a second later – I already understood what had startled me, and that I had overreacted. Oh. Of course. Edward wouldn’t feel cold to me. We were the same temperature now. I held my pose for an eighth of a second longer, adjusting to the scene before me. Edward was leaning across the operating table that had been my pyre, his hand reached out toward me, his expression anxious. Edward’s face was the most important thing, but my peripheral vision catalogued everything else, just in case. Some instinct to defend had been triggered, and I automatically searched for any sign of danger. My vampire family waited cautiously against the far wall by the door, Emmett and Jasper in the front. Like there was danger. My nostrils flared, searching for the threat. I could smell nothing out of place. That faint scent of something delicious – but marred by harsh chemicals – tickled my throat again, setting it to aching and burning. Alice was peeking around Jasper’s elbow with a huge grin on her face; the light sparkled off her teeth, another eight-color rainbow. That grin reassured me and then put the pieces together. Jasper and Emmett were in the front to protect the others, as I had assumed. What I hadn’t grasped immediately was that was the danger. All this was a sideline. The greater part of my senses and my mind were still focused on Edward’s face. I had never seen it before this second. How many times had I stared at Edward and marveled over his beauty? How many hours – days, weeks – of my life had I spent dreaming about what I then deemed to be perfection? I thought I’d known his face better than my own. I’d thought this was the one sure physical thing in my whole world: the flawlessness of Edward’s face. I may as well have been blind. For the first time, with the dimming shadows and limiting weakness of humanity taken off my eyes, I saw his face. I gasped and then struggled with my vocabulary, unable to find the right words. I needed better words. At this point, the other part of my attention had ascertained that there was no danger here besides myself, and I automatically straightened out of my crouch; almost a whole second had passed since I’d been on the table. I was momentarily preoccupied by the way my body moved. The instant I’d considered standing erect, I was already straight. There was no brief fragment of time in which the action occurred; change was instantaneous, almost as if there was no movement at all. I continued to stare at Edward’s face, motionless again. He moved slowly around the table – each step taking nearly half a second, each step flowing sinuously like river water weaving over smooth stones – his hand still outstretched. I watched the grace of his advance, absorbing it with my new eyes. â€Å"Bella?† he asked in a low, calming tone, but the worry in his voice layered my name with tension. I could not answer immediately, lost as I was in the velvet folds of his voice. It was the most perfect symphony, a symphony in one instrument, an instrument more profound than any created by man___ â€Å"Bella, love? I’m sorry, I know it’s disorienting. But you’re all right. Everything is fine.† Everything? My mind spun out, spiraling back to my last human hour. Already, the memory seemed dim, like I was watching through a thick, dark veil – because my human eyes had been half blind. Everything had been so blurred. When he said everything was fine, did that include Renesmee? Where was she? With Rosalie? I tried to remember her face – I knew that she had been beautiful – but it was irritating to try to see through the human memories. Her face was shrouded in darkness, so poorly lit___ What about Jacob? Was he fine? Did my long-suffering best friend hate me now? Had he gone back to Sam’s pack? Seth and Leah, too? Were the Cullens safe, or had my transformation ignited the war with the pack? Did Edward’s blanket assurance cover all of that? Or was he just trying to calm me? And Charlie? What would I tell him now? He must have called while I was burning. What had they told him? What did he think had happened to me? As I deliberated for one small piece of a second over which question to ask first, Edward reached out tentatively and stroked his fingertips across my cheek. Smooth as satin, soft as a feather, and now exactly matched to the temperature of my skin. His touch seemed to sweep beneath the surface of my skin, right through the bones of my face. The feeling was tingly, electric – it jolted through my bones, down my spine, and trembled in my stomach. Wait,I thought as the trembling blossomed into a warmth, a yearning. Wasn’t I supposed to lose this? Wasn’t giving up this feeling a part of the bargain? I was a newborn vampire. The dry, scorching ache in my throat gave proof to that. And I knew what being a newborn entailed. Human emotions and longings would come back to me later in some form, but I’d accepted that I would not feel them in the beginning. Only thirst. That was the deal, the price. I’d agreed to pay it. But as Edward’s hand curled to the shape of my face like satin-covered steel, desire raced through my dried-out veins, singing from my scalp to my toes. He arched one perfect eyebrow, waiting for me to speak. I threw my arms around him. Again, it was like there was no movement. One moment I stood straight and still as a statue; in the same instant, he was in my arms. Warm – or at least, that was my perception. With the sweet, delicious scent that I’d never been able to really take in with my dull human senses, but that was one hundred percent Edward. I pressed my face into his smooth chest. And then he shifted his weight uncomfortably. Leaned away from my embrace. I stared up at his face, confused and frightened by the rejection. â€Å"Urn†¦ carefully, Bella. Ow.† I yanked my arms away, folding them behind my back as soon as I understood. I was too strong. â€Å"Oops,† I mouthed. He smiled the kind of smile that would have stopped my heart if it were still beating. â€Å"Don’t panic, love,† he said, lifting his hand to touch my lips, parted in horror. â€Å"You’re just a bit stronger than I am for the moment.† My eyebrows pushed together. I’d known this, too, but it felt more surreal than any other part of this ultimately surreal moment. I was stronger than Edward. I’d made him say ow. His hand stroked my cheek again, and I all but forgot my distress as another wave of desire rippled through my motionless body. These emotions were so much stronger than I was used to that it was hard to stick to one train of thought despite the extra room in my head. Each new sensation overwhelmed me. I remembered Edward saying once – his voice in my head a weak shadow compared to the crystal, musical clarity I was hearing now – that his kind, our kind, were easily distracted. I could see why. I made a concerted effort to focus. There was something I needed to say. The most important thing. Very carefully, so carefully that the movement was actually discernible, I brought my right arm out from behind my back and raised my hand to touch his cheek. I refused to let myself be sidetracked by the pearly color of my hand or by the smooth silk of his skin or by the charge that zinged in my fingertips. I stared into his eyes and heard my own voice for the first time. â€Å"I love you,† I said, but it sounded like singing. My voice rang and shimmered like a bell. His answering smile dazzled me more than it ever had when I was human; I could really see it now. â€Å"As I love you,† he told me. He took my face between his hands and leaned his face to mine – slow enough to remind me to be careful. He kissed me, soft as a whisper at first, and then suddenly stronger, fiercer. I tried to remember to be gentle with him, but it was hard work to remember anything in the onslaught of sensation, hard to hold on to any coherent thoughts. It was like he’d never kissed me – like this was our first kiss. And, in truth, he’d never kissed me this way before. It almost made me feel guilty. Surely I was in breach of the contract. I couldn’t be allowed to have this, too. Though I didn’t need oxygen, my breathing sped, raced as fast as it had when I was burning. This was a different kind of fire. Someone cleared his throat. Emmett. I recognized the deep sound at once, joking and annoyed at the same time. I’d forgotten we weren’t alone. And then I realized that the way I was curved around Edward now was not exactly polite for company. Embarrassed, I half-stepped away in another instantaneous movement. Edward chuckled and stepped with me, keeping his arms tight around my waist. His face was glowing – like a white flame burned from behind his diamond skin. I took an unnecessary breath to settle myself. How different this kissing was! I read his expression as I compared the indistinct human memories to this clear, intense feeling. He looked†¦ a little smug. â€Å"You’ve been holding out on me,† I accused in my singing voice, my eyes narrowing a tiny bit. He laughed, radiant with relief that it was all over – the fear, the pain, the uncertainties, the waiting, all of it behind us now. â€Å"It was sort of necessary at the time,† he reminded me. â€Å"Now it’s your turn to not break me.† He laughed again. I frowned as I considered that, and then Edward was not the only one laughing. Carlisle stepped around Emmett and walked toward me swiftly; his eyes were only slightly wary, but Jasper shadowed his footsteps. I’d never seen Carlisle’s face before either, not really. I had an odd urge to blink – like I was staring at the sun. â€Å"How do you feel, Bella?† Carlisle asked. I considered that for a sixty-fourth of a second. â€Å"Overwhelmed. There’s so much. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I trailed off, listening to the bell-tone of my voice again. â€Å"Yes, it can be quite confusing.† I nodded one fast, jerky bob. â€Å"But I feel like me. Sort of. I didn’t expect that.† Edward’s arms squeezed lightly around my waist. â€Å"I told you so,† he whispered. â€Å"You are quite controlled,† Carlisle mused. â€Å"More so than expected, even with the time you had to prepare yourself mentally for this.† I thought about the wild mood swings, the difficulty concentrating, and whispered, â€Å"I’m not sure about that.† He nodded seriously, and then his jeweled eyes glittered with interest. â€Å"It seems like we did something right with the morphine this time. Tell me, what do you remember of the transformation process?† I hesitated, intensely aware of Edward’s breath brushing against my cheek, sending whispers of electricity through my skin. â€Å"Everything was†¦ very dim before. I remember the baby couldn’t breathe___† I looked at Edward, momentarily frightened by the memory. â€Å"Renesmee is healthy and well,† he promised, a gleam I’d never seen before in his eyes. He said her name with an understated fervor. A reverence. The way devout people talked about their gods. â€Å"What do you remember after that?† I focused on my poker face. I’d never been much of a liar. â€Å"It’s hard to remember. It was so dark before. And then†¦ I opened my eyes and I could see everything† â€Å"Amazing,† Carlisle breathed, his eyes alight. Chagrin washed through me, and I waited for the heat to burn in my cheeks and give me away. And then I remembered that I would never blush again. Maybe that would protect Edward from the truth. I’d have to find a way to tip off Carlisle, though. Someday. If he ever needed to create another vampire. That possibility seemed very unlikely, which made me feel better about lying. â€Å"I want you to think – to tell me everything you remember,† Carlisle pressed excitedly, and I couldn’t help the grimace that flashed across my face. I didn’t want to have to keep lying, because I might slip up. And I didn’t want to think about the burning. Unlike the human memories, that part was perfectly clear and I found I could remember it with far too much precision. â€Å"Oh, I’m so sorry, Bella,† Carlisle apologized immediately. â€Å"Of course your thirst must be very uncomfortable. This conversation can wait.† Until he’d mentioned it, the thirst actually wasn’t unmanageable. There was so much room in my head. A separate part of my brain was keeping tabs on the burn in my throat, almost like a reflex. The way my old brain had handled breathing and blinking. But Carlisle’s assumption brought the burn to the forefront of my mind. Suddenly, the dry ache was all I could think about, and the more I thought about it, the more it hurt. My hand flew up to cup my throat, like I could smother the flames from the outside. The skin of my neck was strange beneath my fingers. So smooth it was somehow soft, though it was hard as stone, too. Edward dropped his arms and took my other hand, tugging gently. â€Å"Let’s hunt, Bella.† My eyes opened wider and the pain of the thirst receded, shock taking its place. Me? Hunt? With Edward? But†¦ how? I didn’t know what to do. He read the alarm in my expression and smiled encouragingly. â€Å"It’s quite easy, love. Instinctual. Don’t worry, I’ll show you.† When I didn’t move, he grinned his crooked smile and raised his eyebrows. â€Å"I was under the impression that you’d always wanted to see me hunt.† I laughed in a short burst of humor (part of me listened in wonder to the pealing bell sound) as his words reminded me of cloudy human conversations. And then I took a whole second to run quickly through those first days with Edward – the true beginning of my life – in my head so that I would never forget them. I did not expect that it would be so uncomfortable to remember. Like trying to squint through muddy water. I knew from Rosalie’s experience that if I thought of my human memories enough, I would not lose them over time. I did not want to forget one minute I’d spent with Edward, even now, when eternity stretched in front of us. i would have to make sure those human memories were cemented into my infallible vampire mind. â€Å"Shall we?† Edward asked. He reached up to take the hand that was still at my neck. His fingers smoothed down the column of my throat. â€Å"I don’t want you to be hurting,† he added in a low murmur. Something I would not have been able to hear before. Tm fine,† I said out of lingering human habit. â€Å"Wait. First.† There was so much. I’d never gotten to my questions. There were more important things than the ache. It was Carlisle who spoke now. â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"I want to see her. Renesmee.† It was oddly difficult to say her name. My daughter, these words were even harder to think. It all seemed so distant. I tried to remember how I had felt three days ago, and automatically, my hands pulled free of Edward’s and dropped to my stomach. Flat. Empty. I clutched at the pale silk that covered my skin, panicking again, while an insignificant part of my mind noted that Alice must have dressed me. I knew there was nothing left inside me, and I faintly remembered the bloody removal scene, but the physical proof was still hard to process. All I knew was loving my little nudger inside of me. Outside of me, she seemed like something I must have imagined. A fading dream – a dream that was half nightmare. While I wrestled with my confusion, I saw Edward and Carlisle exchange a guarded glance. â€Å"What?† I demanded. â€Å"Bella,† Edward said soothingly. â€Å"That’s not really a good idea. She’s half human, love. Her heart beats, and blood runs in her veins. Until your thirst is positively under control†¦ You don’t want to put her in danger, do you?† I frowned. Of course I must not want that. Was I out of control? Confused, yes. Easily unfocused, yes. But dangerous? To her? My daughter? I couldn’t be positive that the answer was no. So I would have to be patient. That sounded difficult. Because until I saw her again, she wouldn’t be real. Just a fading dream†¦ of a stranger†¦ â€Å"Where is she?† I listened hard, and then I could hear the beating heart on the floor below me. I could hear more than one person breathing – quietly, like they were listening, too. There was also a fluttering sound, a thrumming, that I couldn’t place___ And the sound of the heartbeat was so moist and appealing, that my mouth started watering. So I would definitely have to learn how to hunt before I saw her. My stranger baby. â€Å"Is Rosalie with her?† â€Å"Yes,† Edward answered in a clipped tone, and I could see that something he’d thought of upset him. I’d thought he and Rose were over their differences. Had the animosity erupted again? Before I could ask, he pulled my hands away from my flat stomach, tugging gently again. â€Å"Wait,† I protested again, trying to focus. â€Å"What about Jacob? And Charlie? Tell me everything that I missed. How long was I†¦ unconscious?† Edward didn’t seem to notice my hesitation over the last word. Instead, he was exchanging another wary glance with Carlisle. â€Å"What’s wrong?† I whispered. â€Å"Nothing is wrong† Carlisle told me, emphasizing the last word in a strange way. â€Å"Nothing has changed much, actually – you were only unaware for just over two days. It was very fast, as these things go. Edward did an excellent job. Quite innovative – the venom injection straight to your heart was his idea.† He paused to smile proudly at his son and then sighed. â€Å"Jacob is still here, and Charlie still believes that you are sick. He thinks you’re in Atlanta right now, undergoing tests at the CDC. We gave him a bad number, and he’s frustrated. He’s been speaking to Esme.† â€Å"I should call him†¦,† I murmured to myself, but, listening to my own voice, I understood the new difficulties. He wouldn’t recognize this voice. It wouldn’t reassure him. And then the earlier surprise intruded. â€Å"Hold on – Jacob is still here?† Another glance between them. â€Å"Bella,† Edward said quickly. â€Å"There’s much to discuss, but we should take care of you first. You have to be in pain___† When he pointed that out, I remembered the burn in my throat and swallowed convulsively. â€Å"But Jacob – â€Å" â€Å"We have all the time in the world for explanations, love,† he reminded me gently. Of course. I could wait a little longer for the answer; it would be easier to listen when the fierce pain of the fiery thirst was no longer scattering my concentration. â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"Wait, wait, wait,† Alice trilled from the doorway. She danced across the room, dreamily graceful. As with Edward and Carlisle, I felt some shock as I really looked at her face for the first time. So lovely. â€Å"You promised I could be there the first time! What if you two run past something reflective?† â€Å"Alice – ,† Edward protested. â€Å"It will only take a second!† And with that, Alice darted from the room. Edward sighed. â€Å"What is she talking about?† But Alice was already back, carrying the huge, gilt-framed mirror from Rosalie’s room, which was nearly twice as tall as she was, and several times as wide. Jasper had been so still and silent that I’d taken no notice of him since he’d followed behind Carlisle. Now he moved again, to hover over Alice, his eyes locked on my expression. Because I was the danger here. I knew he would be tasting the mood around me, too, and so he must have felt my jolt of shock as I studied his face, looking at it closely for the first time. Through my sightless human eyes, the scars left from his former life with the newborn armies in the South had been mostly invisible. Only with a bright light to throw their slightly raised shapes into definition could I even make out their existence. Now that I could see, the scars were Jasper’s most dominant feature. It was hard to take my eyes off his ravaged neck and jaw – hard to believe that even a vampire could have survived so many sets of teeth ripping into his throat. Instinctively, I tensed to defend myself. Any vampire who saw Jasper would have had the same reaction. The scars were like a lighted billboard. Dangerous, they screamed. How many vampires had tried to kill Jasper? Hundreds? Thousands? The same number that had died in the attempt Jasper both saw and felt my assessment, my caution, and he smiled wryly. â€Å"Edward gave me grief for not getting you to a mirror before the wedding,† Alice said, pulling my attention away from her frightening lover. Tm not going to be chewed out again.† â€Å"Chewed out?† Edward asked skeptically, one eyebrow curving upward. â€Å"Maybe I’m overstating things,† she murmured absently as she turned the mirror to face me. â€Å"And maybe this has solely to do with your own voyeuristic gratification,† he countered. Alice winked at him. I was only aware of this exchange with the lesser part of my concentration. The greater part was riveted on the person in the mirror. My first reaction was an unthinking pleasure. The alien creature in the glass was indisputably beautiful, every bit as beautiful as Alice or Esme. She was fluid even in stillness, and her flawless face was pale as the moon against the frame of her dark, heavy hair. Her limbs were smooth and strong, skin glistening subtly, luminous as a pearl. My second reaction was horror. Who was she? At first glance, I couldn’t find my face anywhere in the smooth, perfect planes of her features. And her eyes! Though I’d known to expect them, her eyes still sent a thrill of terror through me. All the while I studied and reacted, her face was perfectly composed, a carving of a goddess, showing nothing of the turmoil roiling inside me. And then her full lips moved. â€Å"The eyes?† I whispered, unwilling to say my eyes. â€Å"How long? â€Å"They’ll darken up in a few months,† Edward said in a soft, comforting voice. â€Å"Animal blood dilutes the color more quickly than a diet of human blood. They’ll turn amber first, then gold.† My eyes would blaze like vicious red flames for months? â€Å"Months?† My voice was higher now, stressed. In the mirror, the perfect eyebrows lifted incredulously above her glowing crimson eyes – brighter than any I’d ever seen before. Jasper took a step forward, alarmed by the intensity of my sudden anxiety. He knew young vampires only too well; did this emotion presage some misstep on my part? No one answered my question. I looked away, to Edward and Alice. Both their eyes were slightly unfocused – reacting to Jasper’s unease. Listening to its cause, looking ahead to the immediate future. I took another deep, unnecessary breath. â€Å"No, I’m fine,† I promised them. My eyes flickered to the stranger in the mirror and back. â€Å"It’s just†¦ a lot to take in.† Jasper’s brow furrowed, highlighting the two scars over his left eye. â€Å"I don’t know,† Edward murmured. The woman in the mirror frowned. â€Å"What question did I miss?† Edward grinned. â€Å"Jasper wonders how you’re doing it.† â€Å"Doing what?† â€Å"Controlling your emotions, Bella,† Jasper answered. â€Å"I’ve never seen a newborn do that – stop an emotion in its tracks that way. You were upset, but when you saw our concern, you reined it in, regained power over yourself. I was prepared to help, but you didn’t need it.† â€Å"Is that wrong?† I asked. My body automatically froze as I waited for his verdict. â€Å"No,† he said, but his voice was unsure. Edward stroked his hand down my arm, as if encouraging me to thaw. â€Å"It’s very impressive, Bella, but we don’t understand it. We don’t know how long it can hold.† I considered that for a portion of a second. At any moment, would I snap? Turn into a monster? I couldn’t feel it coming on†¦. Maybe there was no way to anticipate such a thing. â€Å"But what do you think?† Alice asked, a little impatient now, pointing to the mirror. â€Å"I’m not sure,† I hedged, not wanting to admit how frightened I really was. I stared at the beautiful woman with the terrifying eyes, looking for pieces of me. There was something there in the shape of her lips – if you looked past the dizzying beauty, it was true that her upper lip was slightly out of balance, a bit too full to match the lower. Finding this familiar little flaw made me feel a tiny bit better. Maybe the rest of me was in there, too. I raised my hand experimentally, and the woman in the mirror copied the movement, touching her face, too. Her crimson eyes watched me warily. Edward sighed. I turned away from her to look at him, raising one eyebrow. â€Å"Disappointed?† I asked, my ringing voice impassive. He laughed. â€Å"Yes,† he admitted. I felt the shock break through the composed mask on my face, followed instantly by the hurt. Alice snarled. Jasper leaned forward again, waiting for me to snap. But Edward ignored them and wrapped his arms tightly around my newly frozen form, pressing his lips against my cheek. â€Å"I was rather hoping that I’d be able to hear your mind, now that it is more similar to my own,† he murmured. â€Å"And here I am, as frustrated as ever, wondering what could possibly be going on inside your head.† I felt better at once. â€Å"Oh well,† I said lightly, relieved that my thoughts were still my own. â€Å"I guess my brain will never work right. At least I’m pretty.† It was becoming easier to joke with him as I adjusted, to think in straight lines. To be myself. Edward growled in my ear. â€Å"Bella, you have never been merely pretty.† Then his face pulled away from mine, and he sighed. â€Å"All right, all right,† he said to someone. â€Å"What?† I asked. â€Å"You’re making Jasper more edgy by the second. He may relax a little when you’ve hunted.† I looked at Jasper’s worried expression and nodded. I didn’t want to snap here, if that was coming. Better to be surrounded by trees than family. â€Å"Okay. Let’s hunt,† I agreed, a thrill of nerves and anticipation making my stomach quiver. I unwrapped Edward’s arms from around me, keeping one of his hands, and turned my back on the strange and beautiful woman in the mirror. How to cite The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 20. New, Essay examples

What Music Means to Me free essay sample

When you listen to this music, there is nothing else in the world, only those prescribed notes flowing around you in perfect harmony. Alex Ross tells us that the greatest music of the world makes you forget about all other music, everything else in the world. The best music in the world has a certain power over the listenerit makes him forget about everything else in the world. * It is not clear from Ross’s quote if he is a musician. He does not explicitly state that he is a musician, although his interpretation of music does suggest that he is in fact a musician. His interpretation of the meaning of music suggests that he is himself a musician. However, whether Alex Ross is a musician has no bearing on the meaning of the quote what so ever. Ross could simply be an avid listener (although his books and background make it clear that he is indeed a musician) who finds that when he listens to what he feels is the best music, he forgets all other melodies in favor of the current strain that captures his brain. We will write a custom essay sample on What Music Means to Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I find that for myself, this is also true. I have found that when I listen to truly excellent music, it captivates me completely. Exemplary music holds my attention for as long as it plays; it does not remind me of other songs; it does not bore me or make me daydream. The best music in the world, while in the eye of the beholder, still makes the one it is meant for sit and listen, truly listen. Not listen while reading, writing and doing other things, but captivates and holds the attention, solely with its melodies and rhythms alone.

Centra Software Essays

Centra Software Essays Centra Software Paper Centra Software Paper Eureka Centra Software Catalogue ? ? ? BACKGROUND ANALYSIS ALTERNATIVE PLANS ? COMMENTS ? PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ? Background Centra is a pioneer in software eLearning in the fast-growth market. However it faces the threat from WebEx, who sells exclusively over the phone. Now, It is debating how to modify its go-to-market strategy and how to add telesales to improve sales force productivity. Should Centra concentrate on the enterprise customer and exclude small and mid-size corporations ? OR Should Centra ‘fish where the fish are biting’ ? ANALYSIS The market for Corporate eLearning and eMeeting the market for eLearning and eMeeting 11 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1. 1 1999? 2004? The number of Delivery Platforms Vendors the number of Delivery platforms vendors The one that wins the broadest installed customer base in the least time, 20 20 15 10 5 0 3 survive! ANALYSIS (Continued) Competitors The competition among 20 vendors is very fierce. Comparison between thr ee typical companies is as follows. revenue($000) sales spending 25000 51000 revenue per customer($000) technology sales process ustomers simple telesales 3300 7. 58 WebEx field sales, telesales and enterprise sales sophisticated 23000 4673 440 52. 27 Centra enterprise sales; single-source vendors sophisticated 2200 20 110. 00 Lotus Not available ANALYSIS (Continued) technology Positioning sophisticated simple revenue per customer ANALYSIS (Continued) Straightforward strategy Market leader in sophisticated end Products from simple to sophisticated RD capability Rapid growth markets Merger waves The friction between telesales and field sales Bad financial situation Penetration rather than dissemination Limited experience in enterprise deal Success of new competitor, WebEx Compared with LMS vendors, lack the support from SIs. ? Alternative Plans A Target customers: All types of customers Part of telesales integrated with field sales being responsible for Global 2000;other telesales responsible for non-Global 2000 customers. B Target customers: Global 2000 Telesales responsible for EMeeting and Conference; Field sales responsible for Symposium. C Target customers: Global 2000 Telesales commence Initial contact and try to sell big-ticket products. They would deliver the transaction to field sales when necessary. ? Comment on Plan A Advantages: Economical efficiency; Clear classification of responsibilities; Expansion of telesales to Global 2000 brings better penetration and dissemination. million $ 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1996 Disadvantages: Decentralization of target market; Reduced chance to become a leader in a particular market segment. Shot gun Sales force are used like Sales SGA expense 1998 2000 a shot gun to cover over a large spectrum of customers. Sales may be satisfactory but leadership of any market segment may be lost thereof. Reducing this cost item is vital for financial improvement of the company. For every million dollar of sales, telesales saves $100,000 compared with field sales. So telesales is a possible solution to this problem. Comment on Plan B Advantages: Concentration on one single market segment; Economic efficiency; Clear classification of responsibilities. Disadvantages: Potential conflicts of interest between telesales and field sales personnel; Possible loss of business opportunities. Automatic pistol 2% Revenue from products 17% 66% 15% Symposium Conference EMeeting Other services Although faced with some loss of small and mid-sized midcustomers, all the sales force can cooperate to help the company achieve the leadership in the mainstream market segment. Telesales people may try to sell EMeeting to customers instead of more profitable Symposium or Conference in the best interest of themselves. It is also a hidden trouble of invasion by competitors when customers ask for multi-functional products. multi- Comment on Plan C Advantages: Elimination of harmful competition between telesales and field sales; Market focusing as Plan B; Both sales teams focus on promotion of big-ticket products. Disadvantages: Unpredictable obstacles in the combination of telesales and field sales. 12% 12% Performance Evaluation Field Sales Enterprise Sales Telesales 76% Predicted Revenue Structure in 2001 The diagram above implies that large corporations on which field sales focus are the most significant source of revenue. As a result, the company should pay more attention to this group of customers. Fluent process In sales process Prioritization of Sales of profitable products Choice of plans In 2001 the eLearning and eMeeting Industries were in their infancy. Most corporations are potential customers. Mutual reference among customers are key to successful high-tech highMarketing. 45. 5% of the company’s customers company’ are Global 2000 with great purchase power while others are not. The critical issue of Centra is to cross the chasm between Early Adopters (Visionaries) and Early (Visionaries) Majority (Pragmatists). Conclusions Marketing is to work the curse above from left to right, winning each Group using â€Å"captured† captured† group as reference for the next. Target on Global Target on Global 2000; 2000; Prioritization Prioritization of the big-ticket of the big-ticket Choice of plans (Continued) Comparison Visionaries (Early Adopters) treat high-tech products as short-cuts to their business objective and it is easy to sell to them; However, the market share of them is not large enough. Visionary divisions and enterprises are what we call Early Adopters here. Pragmatists (Early Majority) value reference from other users of the product and they only choose the market leader to be the provider; They account for the largest present market share because of their loyalty to the product brand and great purchasing power. Other divisions and enterprises beyond Early adopters are Early Majority. Majority. Centra should utilize existing reputation in Visionaries to attract Early Majority Choice of plans (Continued) Market oriented Sales oriented Focusing on one market segment lead Centra towards market leader in this segment Sales promotion in all segments may create rapid growth of sales Plan C is the be st Resistance â€Å"We can’t afford to focus can’ on only one market Segment. Let’s fish where Let’ the fish are biting! † biting! † Sales to all customers Leadership in one segment Leadership in entire market ? PLAN IMPLEMENTATION Strategy 1 Set the industry standard Be the industry standard for eLearning 2 Capture a dominant position with Global 2000 Target market: Global 2000 Primary product: High-end product Tactics: Dissemination Pricing: a free support contract that covered bug fixes and upgrades to maintain customers loyalty Short Term 3 Harmonize the Telesales with Field Sales Take full advantage of telesales Long Term 4 Be a single-source vendor in the future Integrate the business and the customer resources of LMS PLAN IMPLEMENTATION The Goal: 1. Broaden market coverage 2. Close sales with lowest cost Confliction of internal sales force Telesales and Field sales: Harmony and Complementary Duties of Telesales Customers Means The target companies are mainly Global 2000. A transaction is encouraged to made solely by Telesales. Products Partners Besides the eMeeting Product, telesales are expected to sell Symposium and Conference as well, further, they are encouraged to sell the highend products, which attribute more commission rewards. Take advantage of Telesales Collaborate with Field sales, in order to close a deal. ontinued Duties of Field sales Customer Means The target customers are made up of Global 2000 companies. Sellers operate the business, manage the sales cycle and negotiate with the top-tier of the target companies. Products Partners High-end Products, like Symposium and Conference, are the main products Field sale should launch. Take advantage of Field sales Telesales and Alliance Partners Constitute an ‘ecos ystem’ of partners Duties of Alliance Partners Maximize revenues from enterprise level Infrastructure Partners System Integrator Partners LMS Vendor Partners Sales process Customers TELESALES FIELD SALES TELEPHONE EARLY ADOPTERS MAJORITY EMAIL FAX One department Departments in the same company En te rp r Le ve ise l CLOSE SALES SALE PROCESS T e le s a le s C lo s e s a le Yes A llia n c e P a rn te rs S y m p o s iu m q u o te Yes D ire c t S a le No No C lo s e s a le Yes E n te rp ris e S trik e F o rc e No No F ie ld S a le s C o n fe re n c e q u o te Yes D ire c t S a le No C lo s e s a le Yes e M e e tin g q u o te Yes D ire c t S a le C lie n t d is s e m in a tio n End Performance Evaluation Target: a. ncourage high-end products sales like Symposium b. support dissemination strategy c. benefit staff with differential commission Practice: The Sales Strategy follows the essence of penetration and dissemination. The majority of first sales happen in a division of a company, then the sales are encouragement to make the transaction to other divisions of the same company, aiming to accomplish the sale on an ENTERPRISE BASIS finally. In accord with the strategy, the commission is added in the process of dissemination. Sales to ONE department of a company THE OTHER departments Of the company Sales on an ENRERPRISE BASIS Performance Evaluation (Continued) Telesales Field Sale First sale 1% commission First sale Second sale 1. 5% commission Second sale Continuous sale 0. 5% commission added forward Continuous sale C e n tr a O r g a n iz a tio n C EO P r e s id e n t, C O O V P , S tr a te g ic A llia n c e s C TO V P , C o r p o r a te M a r k e tin g V P , E u rop e, M id d le E a s t a n d A fr ic a V P , B u s in e s s D e v e lo p m e n t V P , e B u s in e s s O p e r a tio n s R e g io n a l M a n a g e r , S o u th e r n U S S V P , P r o fe s s io n a l S e r v ic e V P , W o r ld w id e S a le s D ir e c to r , D e v e lo p m e n t R e g io n a l M a n a g e r , E a ster n U S R e g io n a l M a n a g e r , W e ster n U S V P , C o r p o r a te S tr a te g y M anager, T e le s a le s , T e le m a r k e tin g D ir e c to r , A s ia P a c ific C FO Income Statement Based on the plan we adopt, there is a remarkable improvement in Centra’s income statement, showed as follows 2000 Total Sales Cost of goods sold SGA expense RD Other operating expense Net Income before tax Interest 23. 0 3. 70 27. 50 8. 50 0. 90 2001E 50. 00 8. 00 44. 40 11. 40 1. 16 2002E 79. 00 12. 51 60. 04 14. 30 1. 49 2003E 124. 82 19. 64 93. 62 17. 20 1. 91 Explanations: The revenue refers to the anticipation of management whereas the continuous 2 years follows the expansion rate of the entire market. In accordance with past 5 years’ total expenses, sales expenses are reduced given the adoption of Telesales. (17. 60) (14. 95) (9. 34) (7. 55) Eureka Eureka ? ? ? ? ? ? 07 04 07 07

Arrhenius Acid Definition and Examples

Arrhenius Acid Definition and Examples An Arrhenius acid is a substance that dissociates in  water to form hydrogen ions or protons. In other words, it increases the number of H ions in the water. In contrast, an Arrhenius base dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions, OH-. The H ion is also associated with the water molecule in the form of a hydronium ion, H3O and follows the reaction: acid H2O → H3O conjugate base What this means is that, in practice, there arent free hydrogen cations floating around in aqueous solution. Rather, the extra hydrogen forms hydronium ions. In more discussions, the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydronium ions are considered interchangeable, but its more accurate to describe hydronium ion formation. According to the Arrhenius description of acids and bases, the water molecule consists of a proton and a hydroxide ion. The acid-base reaction is considered a type of neutralization reaction where the acid and base react to yield water and a salt. Acidity and alkalinity describe the concentration of hydrogen ions (acidity) and hydroxide ions (alkalinity). Examples of Arrhenius Acids A good example of an Arrhenius acid is hydrochloric acid, HCl. It dissolves in water to form the hydrogen ion and chlorine ion: HCl → H (aq) Cl- (aq) Its considered an Arrhenius acid because the dissociation increases the number of hydrogen ions in the aqueous solution. Other examples of Arrhenius acids include sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrobromic acid (HBr),  and nitric acid (HNO3). Examples of Arrhenius bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).

Statistics EXAM Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Statistics EXAM - Speech or Presentation Example To test if a trend exists relating the GPA and the mother’s age at the birth of the child, regression analysis may be used. A simple linear regression is used in this particular calculation. The following table is set up from the raw data. It should be noted that the independent variable is the age at birth while the dependent is the GPA. Since 0.632, H0 cannot be rejected. There is insufficient evidence to support that a relationship exists between the mother’s age at the time of the child’s birth and the corresponding intelligence (as measured by GPA). The number of samples is determined based on the target error and confidence. Since no estimate of the proportion is given, a conservative value of 0.5 is to be used. The resulting calculations are shown as follows: Evaluating the scores of standardized examinations revolve largely around the normal distribution. From this particular problem, the SASS scores differ from the raw scores provided. In order to normalize the values the raw scores must be converted into z-scores and applied to the mean and standard deviation of the SASS. The equivalent z-scores for 151, 140, and 136 are computed below: Interpreting these scores as percentiles show that Robert, Ann and Carlos have percentiles at 90.32%, 77.34%, and 70.88% respectively. To normalize into the SASS standard scores, the z-scores are used with the mean and standard deviation standards. This is shown as follows: Assuming that no correlation exists between the high school GPA and the SASS score, the percentage of the applicants that are denied admission can be determined from the z-score equivalent of 60 on the SASS: From the z-score table, this corresponds to a cumulative probability of 0.7486 from the left. This means that 74.86% of the applicants have a SASS score below 60 and cannot be admitted into the university. This story is very much

Financial project report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Financial project report - Essay Example Secondary Research........................................................................................... 27 5.4. Strengths and Limitations. 31 6. Ethical Considerations........ 32 7. Timetable and any special resources required.... 32 8. Conclusions............................................................................................................... 34 9. Recommendations.................................................................................................... 34 10. References. 35 11. Appendices................................................................................................................. 39 Appendix I............................................................................................................. 39 Appendix II........................................................................................................... 41 Appendix III........................................................................................................... 42 1. How does the financial crisis affect the students 2. Background of the study America is currently in the midst of a tremendous economic crisis, with inflation reaching unprecedented and unanticipated levels. This has resulted in a tremendous rise in the cost of living which has made living a challenge to the general public and to the student population in particular as they have limited resources at their disposal. The students, those who are pursuing higher education in colleges and universities outside their home town in particular have to bear the costs of college fees, accommodation, living expenses and other courseware...In such a situation the rise in cost of essential items such as gasoline, electricity negatively impacts the quality of their studies. For the greater majority of students, borrowing money from banks has become a necessity to fund for their college and university education. On average, students in the US now graduate with at least $21,000 in debt and in some extreme circumstances students graduate with $100,000 in debt or more. Tuition fees at private colleges and universities have gone up tremendously - far ahead of inflation. Parents are losing jobs or their salaries are reduced as a result of the economic crisis. Thus the amount that parents can contribute towards their children's education is decreasing. This means that a greater number of students are dependent on loans for their college and university education. Every student who is currently attending or applying to college currently is horrified by what is going on in the financial markets. Things such as bonds for student loans are affected as a result. There will be a direct impact on student borrowings that will most likely be affected by the current financial crisis.

The Parasites of Atlas Shrugged Essays -- Atlas Shrugged

The Parasites of Atlas Shrugged  Ã‚   In this world, and in the world of Ayn Rand’s imagination, there are two kinds of people: those who live to create, and those who wish to live as parasites feeding off the benefits of those creations. In Atlas Shrugged, she explores what might happen when the creators of the world stop creating; the parasites are left to try to live on their own. The novels that Miss Rand writes always reflect this sort of thing. She writes of the battle between the two types of people as some write of the battles between good and evil. In reality, each side of the battle can be equated in such terms. These writings provide a detailed analysis of the two forces, and leave the reader with a profound sense of vitality and inspiration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The group of parasites, or as the novel labels them, â€Å"looters,† live futile lives. The looters are those who prefer not to think, not to act, not to truly exist if at all possible. They attend trivial social gatherings and follow, like a mindless herd, the latest fashion trends. In Atlas Shrugged, the primary social concern among these second-handers is that of equality in capitalism. They cannot provide, so they attack those that can. They pretend to act as champions for the underdog in an economy that seems to be falling apart. They believe that anyone who works solely for the sake of success is evil, and must be stopped. Those looters, who ride on the backs of such people, completely believe that they are owed a life because they exist. They feel they should be loved because they are alive, not for any accomplishment or display of worth on their part. To these people, the existence of anything innovative, strong, or fearless is a slap in the face, so they adjus... ...She writes of the type of person that one can only hope exists in this world still. The message of her writing and philosophy is contained in a single phrase from the novel: â€Å"I swear by my life and my love of it that I will never live for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for mine,† (731). This is an inspiration, awakening an inner voice and drive that impels each person to do their absolute best. It implores the soul of the reader to awaken, to become the ideal of the human spirit, and to rise until it can rise no higher. It is a call to anyone with reason, anyone with the strength to be an Atlas, and it is reminding him or her of their duty to live up to the individual potential. For as long as there are those who would hear the message, there will still be hope for mankind. Works Cited: Rand, Ayn. Atlas Shrugged. New York: Signet, 1957.

Globalization And It Effects Essay

I. AN OVERVIEW. With the growing standards of the world and the existing concepts and complexities in political, economic and socio-cultural ideologies, man has always and continuously pondered over the aspects of his nature. Unity, equality, trade and commerce are at the forefront of man’s complexities. With these thoughts in mind, man has moved through history trying to satisfy his desires in relation to others. The advent of the twenty-first century gave birth to the idea of making the world a single village, thus, globalization. Globalization is the most talk-about issues in the 21st century. However, there is the difficulty of the world to come up with a single and uniform definition. This is because, so many people doubt if the happenings in the world today are as a result of globalization. Thus, due to these global differences of what this concept actually is about, globalization has grown to involve aspects not only of economy, but politics and other socio-cultural issues. Globalizati on affects almost every human being, this is because the process of globalization is said to have expanded almost through out the entire world either through transport, commerce, and communication. In addition, man’s activities on the globe are all located under these sectors. Culture, as a way of living of man, is identified by every one immediately after birth and was often seen as distinct from one another. However, with advent of the process of globalization, there is now the integration and homogenization of cultures. â€Å"Homogenization of cultures is the loss of diversity of culture between two or more cultural groups†. Thus, our topic, â€Å"globalization and its effects on cultural integration in the Czech Republic† The Czech Republic is a country with a rich cultural heritage with works of art seen in theatres, cinemas, libraries, globally recognized galleries, museums and concert halls and with well-maintained traditions especially, in the villages of the Moravian-Silesian region. These villages remain as a sign of the cultural taste of the specific areas. II. THE PROBLEM. Human beings with unlimited quest for wants have let to the advent of the process of globalization. This has come through a dramatic expansion in the volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services. The development of new technologies used for information, communication and transportation; and the huge increase in international flow of capital, has gone a long way to affect the economic, political, environmental and socio-cultural sectors of many countries in the world, both positive and negative. Effects on globalization on cultural integration being our topic of discussion, in recent years there have been programs carried out by the government bodies, United Nations, the European Union and the Non-governmental organizations for the integration of immigrants and foreigners in the Czech Republic. As a way of encouraging integration, the ministry of culture represents intercultural dialogue within the state policy. The ministry also give support to cultural activities of members of national minorities living in the country, support for integration of members of the Roma community and immigrants. The Department of Arts, Libraries, Department of Media, and Audiovisual Policies have also supported intercultural projects. Non- governmental organizations such as: Organization for Aid to Refugees, (OPU), People in Need, and Czech Mobility Center and â€Å"Ethnic Friendly employer†. III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY. The main objective of this study is to examine globalization and its effects on cultural integration in the Czech Republic. Other objectives are to examine the effects of globalization on the economic, political and socio-cultural domains in the Czech Republic in general. To determine how globalization has contributed to the transformation of the national sovereignty to global sovereignty. It is also to examine the current rate of integration and the characteristics of the people in the cultural integration process. Furthermore, the study is intended to identify and describe the techniques in which people become culturally integrated and the number of questions being raised. It is also aimed at examining the role of government, the United Nations the World Bank, the NGOs, the Foreigners, Immigrants, in the cultural integration process. Finally, it is to examine the constraints and consequences of cultural integration, since the long-term results are leaving a legacy positively and negatively. As we move towards the third millennium, a rational planning scheme and utilization of cultures should remain the major pre-occupation of the society. IV.HYPOTHESES In order to carry out the study and achieve the stated objectives, a number of hypotheses were advanced to address the problem; i) Globalization and cultural integration form an interrelated spiral. There is, the more there the futures of globalization, the more there is cultural integration. ii) Intensification of trade and commerce and communication is the main cause of cultural integration in the Czech Republic. V. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY. The later part of the 20th century has seen a remarkable growth in the level of popular concern for environmental, political, economic and socio-cultural issues, which have come as a result of the advent of the globalization process. It is becoming increasingly clear that if the present environmental crisis is not confronted immediately, we stand the risk of having serious and irreversible effects on our world. The Czech Republic has an interest in its cultural protection. That is why the government in order to preserve the Czech culture organizes annual cultural festivals in the country. However, there is little evidence that sufficient steps have been taken to ensure effective protection is done. This is due to the fact that the local communities, which are directly concerned with the culture, are not often considered when making policies concerning their culture, management and protection. Hence, a study of this nature could have results, which are beneficial in a number of ways. Some of these include; To raise awareness of the community on the significance and ways of proper management of cultural issues, To address a number of problems, caused by globalization and its effects on the cultural integration, To provide policy makers and research institutions with the basic data, this would help in designing new program that will be real and problem specific, To provide citizens of not only the Czech Republic but European Union members as well on the currents effects of changes on cultural issues as a result of globalization. VI. METHODOLOGY VI.IIData Collection Although the writer has interacted for some time in this area, and has grown up with a wealth of knowledge of the Czech culture, a further reading was carried out in order to further knowledge of the recent changes in the Czech culture due to the advent of globalization. The theoretical and empirical research was most based on secondary sources and official websites like the Czech Statistical Office, the Ministry of Labor Youths and Sports and Eurostat. Most of the research was mostly on secondary sources were mostly consulted. Several textbooks, journals, unpublished dissertations and other related publications on the subject were also consulted. VI.II. Data Analysis The descriptive techniques were used in analyzing the data collected from sources such as the Czech statistical Office, and Eurostat website. These techniques included the use of tables and graphs with the calculations of percentages, and averages. In addition to this, the data was illustrated in bar charts, and histograms. This can be seen in chapter three. VII. Limitations of the Study The first limitation is that even when the researcher tried to carry a review on some research in the libraries on the effects of globalization on cultural integration in the Czech Republic, there of few textbooks, which have dealt with this topic. Secondly, even with the few ones, some there were mostly in other languages like the Czech language. So due to the scarcity on text books on the topic and the hindrance to consult some of the available ones most of the materials were been extracted from official websites like the Czech Statistics Office, Eurostat, the Ministry of Youths and Sports. Another constraint on the research was that of finance. Some of materials found on the Internet were on sale, and couple with the financial constraints, the researcher was unable to reach all of the available materials. VIII. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA The study area is situated between latitude 49 ° 45 N of the equator and longitude 15  º 30 E of the Greenwich Meridian. Czech Republic is found in the central Europe, bordered in east by Slovakia, in the south by Austria, in the north by Poland and in the west by Germany. It has a land cover of 78,864 sq. kilometers with a population of 10.2 million inhabitants. Major cities include, Prague (the capital city), Brno, Plzen, Olomouc, Karlovy Vary, Ceske Budejovice, Cesky Krumlov, Liberec, Hradec Kralove, Bechyne, Kolin, Pelhrimov, Sumperk, Trebon , Uherske Hradiste and Bruntal. The main ethnic groups in the Czech Republic include; the Czech who are about 9.25 million of the population, the Moravian (more than 380,000), the Slovak about (193.000), the Roma about (171.000), the Silesians (11.000), the Polish (52.000), the Germans (39.000), the Ukrainian (22.000) and the Vietnamese (18.000) Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (January 2008). Map 1 The Map Of The Czech Republic Source: World Atlas.com. CHAPTER ONE: DEFINITION OF TERMS. Going back to the topic of our thesis, â€Å"Globalization and effects on cultural integration in the Czech Republic†, there is the need to define what globalization actually is. With the growing debate of what when the globalization phenomenon began and it actual meaning, some social science theorists have come forth with the definition of globalization both from the classical and the contemporary era. 1.1 Definition of Globalization Walters says the Webster’s dictionary is the first major dictionary to mention the word globalization in 1961. The dictionary defines globalization as â€Å"to render global† or â€Å"the act of globalizing† cited in Malcolm Walters (2001:2). The concept globalization has now being use by many academics and there has been a debate on when the concept of globalization actually began. There are some who have perceived the concept of globalization has been in to existence before this period. Thus, the below mentioned are some of the definitions of globalization posed by various social science theorists. Marx (1977) is considered by social theorists as the first author to focus on the dimensional approach in the explanation of the concept of globalization; He explained the globalization phenomenon, basing his argument on the economic factor. Marx in his dependency theory saw that the political-territorial boundaries remain intact and will disappear under a future proletarian supremacy. This is seen because, immediately after his death on 14th of March 1883, his ideas began to invoke a major influence on workers revolts in the world such as, Bolsheviks movement also known as the October revolution in Russia in October 25 1917. Wallerstein (1974) is another diamensionalist, who focuses on the economic view on the definition of globalization. Taking from the works of Marx’s dependence theory, in his world systems theory where he developed a theoretical framework to understand the historical changes involved in the rise of the modern world, defines globalization as, â€Å"an increasing level of interdependence between national systems by way of trade, military alliance and domination, and cultural imperialism† cited in Walters (2001:4). Robertson Roland has been considered as one of the most prominent writers of issues of globalization. He explains globalization in the cultural domain. In is text, â€Å"Globalization as a Problem† in The Globalization Reader says ‘globalization as a concept refers both to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole† Cited in Frank Lechner and John Boli (2004:94) For Wallerstein, the world started going compression since the beginning of the sixteenth century, but Robertson; he argues that the history of globalization is far longer. For Robertson, through an increase in world wide consciousness a person is looked at and is examined by the whole world and not just by his or her own local environment in which he/she lives. However, both Wallerstein and Robertson’s ideas of the intensification of the world wide consciousness is said to match. According to Giddens globalization is seen as â€Å"the intensification of world wide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa† Giddens (1990:4). These local happenings were said to be may be influenced by distant events and not just the local events, which all have been influenced by the forces of globalization. Looking at Giddens (1990) and Robertson’s (1992) definitions, Giddens believes modernity has come as a result of globalization. That is, he considers modernity to be inherently globalizing. For Giddens globalization is said to have started during the sixteenth century onwards and in Europe in particular. However, in Robertson’s opinion, the problem of globalization is not new. He believes the social compression of the world has begun before the sixteenth century as predicted by Giddens. He predicts modernity and the rise of capitalism to be the cause of the rise of globalization. That is for Robertson, modernization has an influence on globalization. In addition, because of this, it led to a high level of consciousness and the present situation where we in the present day are unable to trace the diffusion of globalization across a large number of areas in the different parts of the world. However, what can be said is that both Giddens and Robertson have tried to show that people are now able to see and understand issues beyond their immediate environments due to the emergence of the concept of globalization. Luhmann in his explanation of globalization focuses more on communication. For him communication is the major factor of globalization. He thus defines globalization as â€Å"the transition from integration to differentiation, from territorial society to world society; from identity to difference; from ‘stratified’ differentiation to ‘functional’† Luhmann (1982:133, 229). Armand refers globalization as â€Å"one of those tricky words, one of those instrumental notions that, under the effects of market logics and without citizens being aware of it have been naturalized to the point of becoming indispensable for establishing communication between people of different cultures† Armand (2000:97). For Armand, globalization has a dominant role in organizing and decoding the meaning of the world. In a similar manner, Beynon John and Dunkerley David in their general introduction to globalization: the reader, made the claim that â€Å"globalization is impacting on the lives of everyone on the †¦ globalization might justifiably be claimed to be the defining features of human society at the state of the twenty-first century† Beynon John and Dunkerley David (2000: 3). Beck on his text, What is globalization, he says globalization is the â€Å"blanket term† and thus describe it to be â€Å"the processes through which Sovereign national states are criss-crossed and undermined by transnational actors with varying prospects of power, orientation, identities and networks† Beck (2000:11). Beck also referred globalization as the â€Å"intensification of transnational space, events, problems, conflicts and biographies† (ibid: 87). He argues that we are moving into a ‘second modernity’ that is seen through growth of the economy, the information and communication technologies, civil society communications and the changes in the environment. He sees globalization to be discontinuous, conflictual and ill reversible because for him, it not different from any other historical process. Although Beck contributed in the explanation of modernity just like other social scientists like Giddens and Marx, he never saw any good in this process. He thus focused more of his attention on the bad side of modernity, which he called a â€Å"risk society†. That is, the new modernity is only concern with the â€Å"prevention, minimization and channeling of risk† Cited in Ritzer (2000:222). Waters Malcolm defines globalization in a less political approach as ‘a social process in which the constraints of geography on economic, political, social, and cultural arrangements recede, in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding and in which people act accordingly’ Walters (200:15). The idea that people are conscious that they are receding (been carried away can to some how be argued. This is because; at time, some people are not always conscious of the fact that the processes globalization is affecting them. People may be moving or acting through the forces of globalization unconscious. Held and McGrew also defines globalization as a â€Å"process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions – assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact- generating transcontinental or inter-regional flows and networks of activity† Held and McGrew (1999:16). Thus, considering the views of the above-cited authors, globalization can be defined as intensification of economic, political, and socio-cultural relations in the localities of the world. Alternatively, it can be seen as the development of equal opportunities in the political, economic, socio-cultural realms of all nations in the world. It’s also related to the spread of modernization throughout the world. Globalization indicates increase linkages between people, goods and technology. It is a process whereby, national business enterprises and markets become world wide or international. That is, a situation whereby businesses which were been carried out within a particular country are now been extended to other countries across the globe. Globalization is the process of making the village a single entity. That is with the advent of globalization there is the continuity of the homogeneity of culture, economy, social and environmental aspects of the world.

Where Is the Lost Treasure of the Inca

Led by Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistadors captured Atahualpa, Emperor of the Inca, in 1532. They were shocked when Atahualpa offered to fill a large room half full of gold and twice over with silver as a ransom. They were even more shocked when Atahualpa delivered on his promise. Gold and silver began arriving daily, brought by the Incas subjects. Later, the sacking of cities such as Cuzco earned the greedy Spaniards even more gold. Where did this treasure come from and what became of it? Gold and the Inca The Inca were fond of gold and silver and used it for ornaments and for decorating their temples and palaces, as well as for personal jewelry. Many objects were made of solid gold. Emperor Atahualpa had a portable throne of 15 karat gold that reportedly weighed 183 pounds. The Inca were one tribe of many in the region before they began conquering and assimilating their neighbors. Gold and silver may have been demanded as tribute from vassal cultures. The Inca also practiced basic mining. As the Andes Mountains are rich in minerals, the Incans accumulated a great deal of gold and silver by the time the Spaniards arrived. Most of it was in the form of jewelry, adornments, decorations, and artifacts from various temples. Atahualpa’s Ransom Atahualpa fulfilled his end of the deal by providing silver and gold. The Spanish, fearful of Atahualpa’s generals, murdered him anyway in 1533. By then, a staggering fortune had been brought right to the feet of the greedy conquistadors. When it was melted down and counted, there were over 13,000 pounds of 22 karat gold and twice that much silver. The loot was divided among the original 160 conquistadors who had taken part in Atahualpa’s capture and ransom. The system for the division was complicated, with different tiers for footmen, cavalrymen, and officers. Those in the lowest tier still earned about 45 pounds of gold and twice that much silver. At a modern rate, the gold alone would be worth well over a half-million dollars. The Royal Fifth Twenty percent of all loot taken from conquests was reserved for the King of Spain. This was the quinto real or Royal Fifth. The Pizarro brothers, mindful of the power and reach of the King, were meticulous about weighing and cataloging all treasure taken so that the crown got its share. In 1534, Francisco Pizarro sent his brother Hernando back to Spain (he didnt trust anyone else) with the royal fifth. Most of the gold and silver had been melted down, but a handful of the most beautiful pieces of Inca metalwork were sent along intact. These were displayed for a time in Spain before they, too, were melted down. It was a sad cultural loss for humanity. The Sacking of Cuzco In late 1533, Pizarro and his conquistadors entered the city of Cuzco, the heart of the Inca Empire. They were greeted as liberators because they had killed Atahualpa, who had recently been at war with his brother Huascar over the Empire. Cuzco had supported Huà ¡scar. The Spanish sacked the city mercilessly, searching all of the homes, temples, and palaces for any gold and silver. They found at least as much loot as had been brought to them for the ransom of Atahualpa, although by this time there were more conquistadors to share in the spoils. Some fabulous works of art were found, such as 12 extraordinarily realistic life-sized sentries made of gold and silver, a statue of a woman made of solid gold which weighed 65 pounds, and vases skillfully crafted of ceramic and gold. Unfortunately, all of these artistic treasures were melted down. Spains Newfound Wealth The Royal Fifth sent by Pizarro in 1534 was but the first drop in what would be a steady stream of South American gold flowing into Spain. In fact, the 20 percent tax on Pizarro’s ill-gotten gains would pale in comparison to the amount of gold and silver that would eventually make its way to Spain after South American mines began producing. The silver mine of Potosà ­ in Bolivia alone produced 41,000 metric tons of silver during the colonial era. The gold and silver taken from the people and mines of South America were generally melted down and minted into coins, including the famous Spanish doubloon (a golden 32-real coin) and â€Å"pieces of eight† (a silver coin worth eight reales). This gold was used by the Spanish crown to fund the high costs of maintaining its empire. The Legend of El Dorado The tale of the riches stolen from the Inca Empire soon blazed its way across Europe. Before long, desperate adventurers were on their way to South America, hoping to be part of the next expedition which would bring down a native empire rich with gold. A rumor began to spread of a land where the king covered himself in gold. This legend became known as El Dorado. Over the next two hundred years, dozens of expeditions with thousands of men searched for El Dorado in the steamy jungles, blistering deserts, sun-drenched plains and icy mountains of South America, enduring hunger, native attacks, disease, and countless other hardships. Many of the men died without seeing so much as a single nugget of gold. El Dorado was but a golden illusion, driven by fevered dreams of Inca treasure. The Lost Treasure of the Inca Some believe that the Spanish did not manage to get their greedy hands on all of the Inca treasure. Legends persist of lost hoards of gold, waiting to be found. One legend has it that there was a large shipment of gold and silver on its way to being part of the ransom of Atahualpa when word came that the Spanish had murdered him. According to the story, the Inca general in charge of transporting the treasure hid it somewhere and it has yet to be found. Another legend claims that Inca General Rumià ±ahui took all the gold from the city of Quito and had it thrown into a lake so that the Spanish would never get it. Neither of these legends has much in the way of historical proof to back it up, but that doesn’t keep people from looking for these lost treasures — or at least hoping that they’re still out there. Inca Gold on Display Not all of the beautifully-crafted golden artifacts of the Inca Empire found their way into the Spanish furnaces. Some pieces survived, and many of these relics have found their way into museums around the world. One of the best places to see original Inca goldwork is at the Museo Oro del Perà º, or Peruvian Gold Museum (generally just called â€Å"the gold museum†), located in Lima. There, you can see many dazzling examples of Inca gold, the last pieces of Atahualpa’s treasure. Sources Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Inca London: Pan Books, 2004 (original 1970). Silverberg, Robert. The Golden Dream: Seekers of El Dorado. Athens: the Ohio University Press, 1985.